Projects 1,3,5 Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Activities 1,3,5 - Math Problem Example Both of these specific dishwashers are 24 inch dishwashers, which makes them similar. The two of them offer front control procedure on their entryways, and both offer a 1 year restricted guarantee. From the outset, apparently the Hotpoint dishwasher will end up as the winner, as it begins with the lower value point, destroying the deal cost of the GE by a distinction of $70.10, and beating the non-deal cost of the GE by $110.00. Is it worth the extra hundred dollars to get the GE? The estimated working expense every time of the Hotpoint is $24, while the GE has a rough yearly working expense of $29. This brings the value contrast up to $75.10 on special or $115 standard for the main year. Regardless of whether this value contrast is justified, despite all the trouble, relies emphatically upon whether the extra highlights that the GE brings to the table are justified, despite all the trouble to the individual creation the buy. The GE offers a lower decibel level (it runs calmer than t he Hotpoint), has a hard food disposer and water channel, has six distinctive wash levels (two more than the Hotpoint), a stemware holder, a steam prewash setting, the flatware rack on the entryway (rather than contained in the lower rack itself), and nylon racks rather than the PVC racks that the Hotpoint brings to the table. ... /Appliances-Dishwashers-Disposers-Dishwashers-Built-In-Dishwashers/h_d1/N-5yc1vZc3njZ1z10atjZ1z141o3Z1z10atj/R-203604506/h_d2/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10053&langId=-1&storeId=10051#.UR52tmewV8E Hotpoint Front Control Dishwasher in White: http://www.homedepot.com/Appliances-Dishwashers-Disposers-Dishwashers-Built-In-Dishwashers/h_d1/N-5yc1vZc3njZ1z10atjZ1z10atj/R-203547883/h_d2/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10053&langId=-1&storeId=10051&superSkuId=203153378#specifications (Insert name and box number here) MA120 BID:294 February 18, 2013 Project 3: Systems of Equations Part A: Solving a System of Linear Equations BID: 294 [a]x +3y-z=4 2x-[b]y+7z=12 x+2y+[c]z=18 - - 2x+3y-z=4 2x-9y+7z=12 x+2y+4z=18 - - x = 38/29, y = 46/29, z = 98/29 The url used to understand this condition was: http://wims.unice.fr/wims/en_tool~linear~linsolver.en.html Part B: Applications of Systems of Linear Equations The halting separation of a vehicle going at 25 mph is 61.7 ft. also, for a vehicle going at 35 mph it is 106 ft. The halting separation in feet can be depicted by the condition y = ax2+ bx, where x is the speed in mph. What is the halting separation for a vehicle voyaging 55 mph? 625a+ 25b = 61.7 1225a+ 35b = 106 - - - a = 0.056057142857143, b = 1.066571428571429 3025a+ 55b =y 169.572857143 + 58.6614285714 = y = 228.234285714 The halting separation of a vehicle voyaging 55mph would be 228.23 ft. (Supplement name and box number here) MA 120 BID: 294 18 February 2013 Project 5: Linear Programming Applications A vehicle producer makes vehicles and trucks in a manufacturing plant that is isolated into two shops. Shop 1, which performs essential get together, must work five man-days on each truck, yet just two man-days on every vehicle. Shop 2, which performs wrapping up

Public sphere in Australia today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Open circle in Australia today - Essay Example Lower optional beginnings at the seventh or eighth year and proceed all through the tenth year of training. The seventh during ninth long stretches of training are known as preliminary years. Towards the finish of the ninth year, understudies may decide to desert school or to proceed to the tenth year. During the tenth year of instruction, understudies may relinquish school with a School Leaving Certificate (SLC), much of the time gave by the individual school. Upper auxiliary comprises of the eleventh and twelfth long periods of training. Rather than leaving endless supply of the tenth grade, understudies may carry on for two additional long stretches of, endless supply of which understudies likewise get a SLC, gave by the school or by an outer inspecting authority. When gone to only by understudies going to college study, an expanding number of Australian understudies, independent of their arrangements for cutting edge study, are achieving the entire 12-year term. While some time prior, expert and academic optional schools were for the most part particular establishments, the greater part open auxiliary schools in Australia at present are far reaching secondary schools Such schools offer projects both for college headed understudies and for understudies who expect to do various employments in the wake of leaving school or who will take up postsecondary specialized or proficient training. Various government funded schools, then again, keep up to offer just instructive, school early on programs for understudies who are enrolled to the discretionary projects. Some propelled optional schools offer horticultural or other training. About all the understudies in Australia achieve the tenth year of tutoring and get a SLC. The quantity of understudies who carry on to the twelfth year of instruction is around 71 % of all understudies everywhere throughout the nation in 1991. Most of youthful understudies in Australia are enlisted in a kindergarten program, in spite of the fact that participation isn't mandatory. About all states offer a pre-Year 1 program, and both the administration and private offices offer other pre-school exercises for the two years before the initiation of Year 1. School Governance and Finance In every Australian express, the instruction framework is incredibly brought together. The Education Ministry and a Director-General of Education regulate the instructive framework. Recently, all things considered, there has been a developing propensity to decentralize a few authoritative capacities from the state level towards the nearby level. Administration The service of instruction practices broad control over schools everywhere throughout the state. The states create arrangements in the fields of tutoring and educator enlistment, instructor administration, understudy enrollment, program content, course approval and understudy examination. The instruction service enlists and utilizes the instructors in government schools, develop structures, gear and materials, and award endowment for use by schools. Thus practically all

St. Georges Day

St. Georges Day When I came back to England from Easter vacation, I was greeted by this at the local supermarket: The signs say Happy St. Georges Day, Wednesday 23 April and has a picture of a knight on a horse. I was with another MITer at the time and neither of us knew what St. Georges Day was. I whipped out my camera and we agreed that whatever it was, it would probably make a good blog entry. Okay, I should probably have published this entry on 23rd April but Im in the middle of exams. Very stressful. More on that later. I looked this up in Wikipedia and turns out, St. Georges Day is Englands National Day. St. George usually depicted as a knight sitting on a horse, killing a dragon. Unfortunately, I dont know any more than that. If anyone has anything to add, feel free to enlighten the rest of us in the comments below. Anyway, I was pretty curious to see what happens during St. Georges Day. So on Wednesday, 23 April, I armed myself with my camera and was half expecting to see some sort of parade. But the only thing exciting I saw that day was that all the buildings and colleges were flying St. Georges flag. The wind was absent that day so if you cant tell, the flag is white with a red cross on it. Okay, Im off to a tea party held by the local MIT Club.

High performance liquid chromatography 214 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3597 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction High performance liquid chromatography 214 is the most widely used of all of the analytical separation techniques. The reasons for the popularity of the method is its sensitivity, ready adaptability to accurate quantitative determinations, suitability for separating non-volatile species or thermally fragile ones, wide spread applicability to substance that are of prime interest to industry, many fields of science and the public. The applications of chromatography have grown explosively in the last fifty years owing not only to the development of several new types of chromatographic techniques but also to the growing need by scientist for better methods for characterizing complex mixtures. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "High performance liquid chromatography 214" essay for you Create order General methodology for the development of new HPLC methods 215-228 HPLC method development follows the series of steps summarized below. Information on sample, objective of separation. Need for special HPLC procedure, sample pretreatment etc. Choice of detector and detector settings. Choosing LC method, preliminary run, estimation of best separation conditions. Optimization of separation conditions. Check for problems or requirement for special procedure. a) Recovery of purified material b) Quantitative calibration c) Qualitative method Validate method for routine laboratory use. A good method development strategy should require only as many experimental runs as are necessary to achieve the desired final result. Finally, method development should be simple as possible, yet it should allow the use of sophisticated tools such as computer modeling if these are available. Before the beginning of method development, it is necessary to review what is known about the sample in order to define the goals of separation. The kinds of sample related information that can be important are summarized in Table-7.1. Number of compounds present in the sample Chemical structures of components Molecular weights of compounds PKa values of compounds UV spectra of compounds Concentration range of various compounds in samples of interest Sample solubility The chemical composition of the sample can provide valuable clues for the best choice of initial conditions for an HPLC separation. Objectives of separation The objectives of HPLC separation need to be specified clearly include. The use of HPLC to isolate purified sample components for spectral identification or quantitative analysis. It may be necessary to separate all degradants or impurities from a product for reliable content assay. In quantitative analysis, the required levels of accuracy and precision should be known (a precision of 1 to 2% is usually achievable). Whether a single HPLC procedure is sufficient for raw material or one or more formulations and / or different procedures are desired for the analysis of formulations? When the number of samples for analysis at one time is greater than 10, a run time of less than 20 min. will be oftenly important. Knowledge on the desired HPLC equipment, experience and academic training the operators have. Sample pretreatment and detection Samples for analysis come in various forms such as: Solutions ready for injections. Solutions that require dilution, buffering, addition of an internal standard or other volumetric manipulation. Solids that must first be dissolved or extracted. Samples that require pretreatment to remove interference and/or protect the column or equipment from damage. Most samples for HPLC analysis require weighing and / or volumetric dilution before injection. Best results are often obtained when the composition of the sample solvent is close to that of the mobile phase since this minimizes baseline upset and other problems. Some samples require a partial separation ( pretreatment) prior to HPLC, because of need to remove interference, concentrate sample analytes or eliminate column killer. In many cases the development of an adequate sample pretreatment can be challenging than achieving a good HPLC separation. The detector selected should sense all sample components of interest. Variable-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detectors normally are the first choice, because of their convenience and applicability for most samples. For this reason information on the UV spectra can be an important aid for method development. When the UV response of the sample is inadequate, other detectors are available (flourescence, electrochemical, PDA etc.) or the sample can be derivatized for enhanced detection. Developing the method for the separation Selecting an HPLC method and initial conditions If HPLC is chosen for the separation, the next step is to classify the sample as regular or special. Regular samples means typical mixtures of small molecules (2000 Da) that can be separated using more or less standardized starting conditions. Exceptions or special samples are usually better separated with a different column and customized conditions as summarized in Table-8.2. Regular samples can be further classified as neutral or ionic. Table-8.3 summarizes the appropriate experimental conditions for the initial reversed phase separation of regular samples. Samples classified as ionic include acids, bases, amphoteric compounds and organic salts. If the sample is neutral, buffers or additives are generally not required in the mobile phase. Acidic or basic samples, usually require the addition of the buffer to the mobile phase. For basic or cationic samples, less acidic reverse phase columns are recommended (Table-8.4) and amine additives for the mobile phase may be beneficial. Usin g these conditions, the first exploratory run is carried out and then improved systematically as discussed below. Table-8.2 Handling of special sample Sample Requirements Inorganic ions Detection is primary problems; use ion chromatography Isomers Some isomers can be separated by reversed-phase HPLC and are then classified as regular samples; better separations of isomers are obtainable using either (1) normal-phase HPLC or (2) reversed-phase separations with cyclodextrin-silica columns. Enantiomers These compounds require chiral conditions for their separations. Biological Several factors make samples or this kind special; molecular conformation, polar functionality and a wide range of hydrophobicity. Macromolecules Big molecules require column packing with large pores( 10-nm diameters); in addition, biological molecules require special conditions as noted above. Table-8.3 Preferred experimental conditions for the initial HPLC separation Separation variable Preferred initial choice Column Dimensions (length, ID) 15 x 0.46 cm Particle size 5 mma Stationary phase C8 or C18 Mobile phase Solvent A and B Buffer-acetonitrile % B 80-100%b Buffer (compound, pH, concentration) 25mM potassium phosphate 2.0pH3.0e Additives (e.g., amine modifiers, ion pair reagents) Do not use initially Flow rate 1.52.0 ml/min Temperature 35-45C Sample Size Volumed 25 mL Weightd 100 mg B : Polar solvent a 3.5 mm particles are an alternative using a 7.5 cm column b For an initial isocratic run; an initial gradient run is preferred. c No buffer required for neutral samples; for pH2.5, pH-stable columns are recommended. d Smaller values required for smaller-volume columns (e.g., 7.50.46-cm, 3.5-mm column). Table-8.4 Physical properties of silica supports for some C 18 columns Column (mL/mL) Pore diameter (nm) Surface area (m2/g) Percent Porosity Hypersil ODS 12 170 57 LiChrosorb C18 10 355 71 Novapak C18 6 N/Aa N/Aa Nucleosil C18 10 350 69` Symmetry C18 10 335 66 Zorbax ODS 6 300 55 Zorbax Rx, SB, XDB 8 180 50 a N/A : Not available On the basis of the initial exploratory run isocratic or gradient elution can be selected as most suitable. If typical reversed-phase conditions provide insufficient sample retention, suggesting the use of either ion pair on normal phase HPLC. Alternatively, the sample may be strongly retained with 100% acetonitrile as mobile phase, suggesting the use of non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) chromatography or normal phase HPLC. Some characteristics of reversed-phase and other HPLC methods are summarized below. Table-8.5 Characteristics of primary HPLC methods Method / description/ columns Preferred method Reversed-phase HPLC Uses water organic mobile phase Columns: C18 (ODS), C8, phenyl, trimethylsilyl (TMS), Cyano First choice for most samples, especially neutral or non-ionisable compounds that dissolve in water-organic mixtures Ion-pair HPLC Uses water-organic mobile phase a buffer to control pH and an ion pair reagent. Column : C18, C8, cyano. Acceptable choice for ionic or ionizable compounds, especially bases or cations. Normal phase HPLC Uses mixtures of organic solvents as mobile phase Columns: Cyano, diol, amino and silica. Good second choice when reversed-phase or ion-pair HPLC is ineffective, first choice for lipophilic samples that do not dissolve well in water-organic mixtures, first choice for mixtures of isomers and for preparative-scale HPLC (silica best) Getting started on method development One approach is to use an isocratic mobile phase of some average solvent strength (e.g., 50%) organic solvent. A better alternative is to use a very strong mobile phase with (80-100% B), then reduce %B as necessary. The initial separation with 100%B results in rapid elution of the entire sample, but few groups will separate. Decreasing solvent strength shows the rapid separation of all components with a much longer run time, with a broadening of later bands and reduced detection sensitivity. Improving the separation and repeatable separation Generally the chromatographers will consider several aspects of the separation, as summarized in Table-8.6. Table-8.6 Objectives of separation in HPLC method development Objectivesa Comment Resolution Precise and rugged quantitative analysis requires that Rs be greater than 1.5. Separation time 5-10 min is desirable for routine procedures. Quantitation 2% (1 SD) for assays; 5% for less-demanding analysis; 15% for trace analysis. Pressure 150 bar is desirable, 200 bar is usually essential (new column assumed) Peak height Narrow peaks are desirable for large signal / noise ratios Solvent consumption Minimum mobile-phase use per run is desirable. a Roughly in order of decreasing importance but may vary with analysis requirements. Separation or resolution is a primary requirement in quantitative HPLC. The resolution (Rs) value should be maximum (Rs1.5) favours maximum precision. Resolution usually degrades during the life of the column and can vary from day to day with minor fluctuations in separation conditions. Therefore, values of Rs = 2 or greater should be the goal during method development for simple mixtures. Such resolution will favour both improved assay precision and greater method ruggedness. Some HPLC assays do not require base line separation of the compounds of interest (qualitative analysis). In such cases only enough separation of individual components is required to provide characteristic retention times for peak identification. The time required for a separation (run time = retention time for base band) should be as short as possible and the total time spent on method development is reasonable (runtimes 5 to 10 minutes are desirable). Conditions for the final HPLC method should be selected so that the operating pressure with a new column does not exceed 170 bar (2500 psi) and upper pressure limit below 2000 psi is desirable. There are two reasons for that pressure limit, despite the fact that most HPLC equipment can be operated at much higher pressures. First, during the life of a column, the back pressure may rise by a factor of as much as 2 due to the gradual plugging of the column by particular matter. Second, at lower pressures 170 bars, pumps, sample values and especially auto samples operate much better, seals last longer, columns tend to plug less and system reliability is significantly improved. For these reasons, a target pressure of less than 50% of the maximum capability of the pump is desirable. When dealing with more challenging samples or if the goals of separation are particularly stringent, a large number of method development runs may be required to achieve acceptable separation. Repeatable separation As the experimental runs described above are being carried out, it is important to confirm that each chromatogram can be repeated. When changing conditions (mobile phase, column, and temperature) between method development experiments, enough time must elapse for the column to come into equilibrium with a new mobile phase and temperature. Usually column equilibration is achieved after passage of 10 to 20 column volumes of the new mobile phase through the column. However, this should be confirmed by carrying out a repeat experiment under the same conditions. When constant retention times are observed in two such back-to-back repeat experiments ( 0.5% or better), it can be assumed that the column is equilibrated and the experiments are repeatable. Completing the HPLC method development The final procedure should meet all the objectives that were defined at the beginning of method development. The method should also be robust in routine operation and usable by all laboratories and personnel for which it is intended. Quantitation and method validation One of the strengths of HPLC is that is an excellent quantitative analytical technique. HPLC can be used for the quantitation of the primary or major component of a sample (including pure samples) for mixture of many compounds at intermediate concentrations and for the assessment of trace impurity concentrations in matrix. Method validation, according to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), is performed to ensure that an analytical methodology is accurate, specific, reproducible and rugged over the specified range that an analyte will be analysed. Method validation provides an assurance of reliability during normal use and is sometimes described as the process of providing documented evidence that the method does what it is intended to do. According to USP, the method validation involves eight steps as given below. Precision Accuracy Limit of detection Limit of quantitation Specificity Linearity and range Ruggedness Robustness Precision and accuracy: Already discussed in chapter-1. Linearity The linearity of the method is a measure of how well a calibration plot of response v/s concentration approximates a straight line, or how well the data fit to the linear equation. Y = aX + b Where Y is the response, X is the concentration, a is the slope and b is the intercept of a line fit to the data. Ideally, a linear relationship is preferred (b = 0) because it is more precise, easier for calculations and can be defined with fewer standards. Also, UV detector response for a dilute sample is expected to follow Beers law and be linear. Therefore, a linear calibration gives evidence that the system is performing properly throughout the concentration range of interest. Generally in HPLC, if we are using internal standard, then the linearity plot is to be drawn by taking concentration of the analyte on x-axis and the ratio of area under the curve (AUC) of analyte to AUC of internal standard (IS) on y-axis. The resulting plot slope, intercept and correlation coefficient provide the desired information on linearity. A linearity correlation coefficient above 0.999 is acceptable for most methods. Limit of detection (LOD) The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest concentration that can be detected reliably. The LOD represents the concentration of analyte that would yield a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) The LOQ is the concentration that can be quantitated reliably with a specified level of accuracy and precision. The LOQ represents the concentration of analyte that would yield a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. LOD and LOQ can be determined by using the following expressions. LOD = 3 X N / B LOQ = 10 X N / B Where N is the noise estimate, is the standard deviation of the peak area ratio of analyte to IS (5 injections) of the drugs. B is the slope of the corresponding calibration curve. The LOD and LOQ values determined during method validation are affected by the separation conditions, columns, reagents and especially instrumentation and data systems. Ruggedness Method ruggedness is defined as the reproducibility of results when the method is performed under actual use conditions. This includes different analysts, laboratories, columns, instruments, sources, chemicals, solvents etc. method ruggedness may not be known when a method is first developed, but insight is obtained during subsequent use of that method. Robustness The concept of robustness of an analytical procedure has been defined by the ICH as a measure of its capacity to remain unaffected by small, but deliberate variations in method parameters. The robustness of a method is the ability to remain unaffected by small changes in parameters such as pH of the mobile phase, temperature, percentage of organic solvent and buffer concentration etc. to determine robustness of the method experimental conditions were purposely altered and chromatographic characteristics were evaluated. To study the pH effect on the retention (K1) of the drug, buffer pH is to be changed by 0.2 units. At certain point, retention will increase at any pH above and below of the pH unit. The effect of temperature on the retention characteristics (K1) of the drug is to be studied by changing the temperature in steps 2C from room temperature to 80C and see the effect of temperature on the resolution and peak shape. Effect of percentage organic strength on retention is to be studied by varying the percentage of organic solvents like acetonitrile, methanol etc. from 0 to 2% while the other mobile phase contents are held constant and observe the K1. At certain point decreases in K1 observed with increase in the level of organic solvent. Effect of buffer concentration should be checked at three concentration levels i.e. 0.025 M, 0.05 M and 0.1 M and observe retention time and resolution. Stability To generate reproducible and reliable results, the samples, standards and reagents used for the HPLC method must be stable for a reasonable time (e.g., One day, one week, one month, depending on the need). For example, the analysis of even a single sample may require 10 or more chromatographic runs to determine system suitability, including standard concentrations to create a working analytical curve and duplicate or triplicate injections of the sample to be assayed. Therefore, a few hours of standard and sample solution stability can be required even for a short (10 min.) separation. When more than one sample is analyzed, automated, over night runs often are performed for better laboratory efficiency. Typically, 24 hours stability is desired for all solutions and reagents that need to be prepared for each analysis. Mobile phases should be chosen to avoid stability problems, especially the use of amine additives or specific solvents. For example, mobile phase containing THF (tetra hydrofuran) are known to be susceptible to oxidation, therefore, the mobile phase should be prepared daily with fresh THF. Some buffered mobile phases cause problems for example, phosphate and acetate provide good media for microbial growth. Sodium oxide (0.1%) is often added to the mobile phase buffer to inhibit such growth, adding more than 5% of organic solvent is also effective. Long term column stability is critical for method ruggedness. Even the best HPLC column will eventually degrade and lose its initial performance, often as a function of the number of samples injected. System suitability System suitability experiments can be defined as tests to ensure that the method can generate results of acceptable accuracy and precision. The requirements for system suitability are usually developed after method development and validation have been completed. The criteria selected will be based on the actual performance of the method as determined during its validation. For example, if sample retention times forms part of the system suitability criteria, their variation (SD) during validation can be determined, system suitability might then require that retention times fall within a 3 SD range during routine performance of the method. The USP (2000) defines parameters that can be used to determine system suitability prior to analysis. These parameters include plate number (N), tailing factor, k and / or a, resolution (Rs) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak height or peak area for respective injections. The RSD of peak height or area of five injections of standard solution is normally accepted as one of the standard criteria. For an assay method of a major component, the RSD should typically be less than 1% for these five respective injections. The plate number and / or tailing factor are used if the run contains only one peak. For chromatographic separations with more than one peak, such as an internal standard assay or an impurity method, expected to contain many peaks, some measure of separations such as Rs is recommended. Reproducibility of tR or k value for a specific compound also defines system performance. The column performance can be defined in terms of column plate number N is defined by N = 5.54 (tR / W)2 Where tR is the retention time of the peak and W is the width of the peak at half peak height. The resolution of two adjacent peaks can be calculated by using the formula Rs = 1.18 (t2-t1) / W0.5.1 +W0.5.2 Where t1 and t2 are retention times of the adjacent peaks and W0.5.1 and W0.5.2 are the width of the peaks at half height. Rs = 2.0 or greater is a desirable target for method development. The retention factor k is given by the equation. k = (tR t0) / t0 where tR is the band retention time and t0 is the column dead time. The peak symmetry can be represented in terms of peak asymmetry factor and peak tailing factor, which can be calculated by using the following formula. Peak asymmetry factor = B /A Where B is the distance at 50% peak height between leading edge to the perpendicular drawn from the peak maxima and A is the width of the peak at half height. According to USP (2000) peak tailing factor can be calculated by using the formula T = W0.05 / 2f Where W0.05 is the width of the peak at 5% height and f is the distance from the peak maximum to the leading edge of the peak, the distance being measured at a point 50% of the peak height from the base line.

Alzheimer s Disease Symptoms And Treatment Of Dementia

The Alzheimer’s Association reports that by the year 2025, around seven million people 65 years of age and older will be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. There is other subsets of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most well known. With the skyrocketing increase of individuals suffering from dementia will come the need for more intervention and prevention projects to help the number of individuals suffering from all forms of dementia. Even though there is an umbrella of different forms of dementia, dementia it self is a term used to describe a disease that is chronic, progressive, and terminal and each of the forms of dementia are classified in this way. Being that this disease is chronic, progressive, and terminal it is†¦show more content†¦Early detection of dementia is essential because it can provide a means to seek appropriate agencies that will support the individual suffering from dementia as well as close family members and even friends. It also provides a means for support networks for the dementia suffering. Moreover, it provides prevention of behavior and psychological symptoms. This means the progression of the disease can be delayed with early detection, prevention, and diagnosis. A lot of individuals’ caring for their elder loved ones will ask how they can look for sings of dementia to reduce the excessive disability, dependency, and suffering of the dementia sufferer. Signs of dementia start in the earlies stage of dementia, often known as early stage dementia. Early stage dementia is the earliest detection, and symptoms of early stage are marginally overlooked, because once again the sings are mistaken for signs of normal aging in the elderly. However, sings include memory loss, cognitive impairments, and behavioral deterioration. A lot of symptoms of dementia have to do with memory deterioration. This deterioration is due to the fact that the disease is classified as damage to the brain, it literally is the braining dying, and shrinking away. This damage creates the lack of ability for cells to communicate with each other. Therefore, individuals who have dementia will go through major changes as the brain dwindles away. One will see a person with dementia

The Return Midnight Chapter 6 Free Essays

Bonnie couldn’t get to sleep after Damon’s words to her. She wanted to talk to Meredith, but there was an unseeing, unhearing lump in Meredith’s bed. The only thing she could think of was to go down to the kitchen and huddle up with a cup of cocoa in the den, alone with her misery. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 6 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bonnie wasn’t good at being alone with herself. But as it turned out, when she got to the bottom floor, she didn’t head for the kitchen after al . She went straight to the den. Everything was dark and strange-looking in the silent dimness. Turning on one light would just make everything else even darker. But she managed, with shaking fingers, to twist the switch of the standing lamp beside the couch. Now if only she could find a book or something†¦ She was holding on to her pil ow as if it were a teddy bear, when Damon’s voice beside her said, â€Å"Poor little redbird. You shouldn’t be up so late, you know.† Bonnie started and bit her lip. â€Å"I hope you’re not stil hurting,†she said coldly, very much on her dignity, which she suspected was not very convincing. But what was she supposed to do? The truth was that Bonnie had absolutely no chance of winning a duel of wits with Damon – and she knew it. Damon wanted to say, â€Å"Hurting? To a vampire, a human fleabite like that was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But unfortunately he was a human too. And it did hurt. Not for long, he promised himself, looking at Bonnie. â€Å"I thought you never wanted to see me again,†she said, chin trembling. It almost seemed too cruel to make use of a vulnerable little redbird. But what choice did he have? I’l make it up to her somehow, someday – I swear it, he thought. And at least I can make it pleasant now. â€Å"That wasn’t what I said,†he replied, hoping that Bonnie wouldn’t remember exactly what he had said. If he could just Influence the trembling woman-child before him†¦but he couldn’t. He was a human now. â€Å"You told me you would kil me.† â€Å"Look, I’d just been knocked down by a human. I don’t suppose you know what that means, but it hasn’t happened to me since I was twelve years old, and stil an original human boy.† Bonnie’s chin kept trembling, but the tears had stopped. You are bravest when you’re scared, Damon thought. â€Å"I’m more worried about the others,†he said. â€Å"Others?†Bonnie blinked. â€Å"In five hundred years of life, one tends to make a remarkable amount of enemies. I don’t know; maybe it’s just me. Or maybe it’s the simple little fact of being a vampire.† â€Å"Oh. Oh, no!†Bonnie cried. â€Å"What does it matter, little redbird? Long or short, life seems al too brief.† â€Å"But – Damon – â€Å" â€Å"Don’t fret, kitten. Have one of Nature’s remedies.†Damon pul ed out of his breast pocket a smal flask that smel ed unquestionably of Black Magic. â€Å"Oh – you saved it! How clever of you!† â€Å"Try a taste? Ladies – strike that – young women first.† â€Å"Oh, I don’t know. I used to get awful y sil y on that.† â€Å"The world is sil y. Life is sil y. Especial y when you’ve been doomed six times before breakfast.†Damon opened the flask. â€Å"Oh, al right!†Clearly thril ed by the notion of â€Å"drinking with Damon,†Bonnie took a very dainty sip. Damon choked to cover a laugh. â€Å"You’d better take bigger swigs, redbird. Or it’s going to take al night before I get a turn.† Bonnie took a deep breath, and then a deep draft. After about three of those, Damon decided she was ready. Bonnie’s giggles were nonstop now. â€Å"I think†¦Do I think I’ve had enough now?† â€Å"What colors do you see out here?† â€Å"Pink? Violet? Is that right? Isn’t it nighttime?† â€Å"Wel , perhaps the Northern Lights are paying us a visit. But you’re right, I should get you into bed.† â€Å"Oh, no! Oh, yes! Oh, no! Nonono yes!† â€Å"Shh.† â€Å"SHHHHHH!† Terrific, Damon thought; I’ve overdone it. â€Å"I meant, get you into a bed,†he said firmly. â€Å"Just you. Here, I’l walk you to the first-floor bedroom.† â€Å"Because I might fal on the stairs?† â€Å"You might say that. And this bedroom is much nicer than the one you share with Meredith. Now you just go to sleep and don’t tel anyone about our rendezvous.† â€Å"Not even Elena?† â€Å"Not even anybody. Or I might get angry at you.† â€Å"Oh, no! I won’t, Damon: I swear on your life!† â€Å"That’s – pretty accurate,†Damon said. â€Å"Good night.† Moonlight cocooned the house. Fog misted the moonlight. A slender, hooded dark figure took advantage of shadows so skil ful y that it would have passed unnoticed even if someone had been watching out for it – and no one was. How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 6, Essay examples

Information Security and Ethics Of Google †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information Security and Ethics Of Google. Answer: Nature of the business In the era of globalization as well as technological advancement, Google has tried to place their position in the mind of cyber users, like the powerful search engine over the internet and its also used widely as the web-based search engine all over the world (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). It doesnt matter, whether it's old or young, Google can always be seen in the conversation about computers or internet (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). One can view the history about how the companies enhance from small too big and are also identified all over the world. The core business of Google is to offer the search engine to the cyber user, who is interested in going to their place of interest (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). The search engine of Google tries to attract various internet users through simple design, but outcomes are quite amazing search outcome (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). After the starting stage of the Google setting itself at the global position, it started selling the ads relate d to the keywords of search. The ads were text-based to increase the loading speed of the page (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Most of the revenue of Google depends on the ads, and they had attained success with the support of AdSense and AdWords in the system after attaining experience within the industry (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). For developing the expected IT infrastructure, the department of IT try to maintain the balance among the purchasing of products from the outside vendors and try to draw up the software; for instance the organization purchase of the software from Oracle for maintaining the accounts; whereas, when the case of managing the customer relationship management, Google try to develop the software (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Through the administration of the company try to create the data, that is made available to every employee, it also tries to make sure that the information is protected from getting misused or either used through the unauthenticated users (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Google even try to encourage the use of open source software through applying it. It also initiates the students to work and develop the new software through offering the internship programs. In this manner, the company tries to attain new ideas that can be supportive (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Google also seeks to develop the similar applications such as Google Apps that can be applied for the external and internal purpose (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The algorithm search engine is continuously updated, so that retrieval of information could get more relevant (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). The engineers ensure that the retrieval of information for the internet user get less. Google also adopts the round robin policy, which supports them in load balancing of server load. The servers of Google are categorized in various types, and every server is assigned with a particular function (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The business nature makes the Google emphasize the aspects of security and try to make it critical for Google (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The master search algorithm of the formula is to keep things secret. Instead of trying to implement the measures of strict policy, the organization ensures about the organization infrastructure as secured (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The focus is placed on the corrective and detective controls. More than 150 engineers are hired for offering the information security as well as for maintaining the organization security infrastructure (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The engineers regularly view the virus-like Spyware, and Google makes use of intrusion detection system for avoiding the breach of security (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Governance structures, processes, and policies it has in place It can be mentioned that, for the type of technology and innovation, Google produce the culture, governance as well as process as perfectly applied for generating the assistance of an idea one another (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The top executives hold instinct for taking the company and agree with them, in case they ask for hostile takeovers to place long-term vision (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The model of media might be right as compared to them, as both of them are reliant on the talent and vision. The culture of creative corporate is fabulous for attracting the Googolplex as the right playground for developing the magic of Google (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The process of organization of permitting the staff for using 20% of the work time in combination with the teamwork style that looks like a right formula for developing the dirty and rough prototype that it explored the value that could create entirely through the alpha to beta (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 200 9). The only types of limitation that can view the ego possibility in the manner of doing the right work and the companys size eventually turn the staff and businesses customers (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). This could be branding issue for Google in the coming time over how to deal with the increase in huge companies (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The commitment of Google towards security is outlined through Code of the conduct of Google, along with security philosophy of Google (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). All these policies include the huge array of the security linked with the topics, which includes the necessary policies that each staff should comply with physical security, account, data as well as few specific policies including the systems and internal applications, which are expected by employees to follow (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). All these security policies are reviewed and updated periodically. Staff is also needed to attain continuous security training over the security topics like the safe internet use, how to label, handle the sensitive information, and working through the remote location safety (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Extra training is also provided about the interest policy topics, which includes the areas of emerging technology like safe use of social technologies and mobile devices (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). The security organization of Google is divided into various teams, which emphasize over the auditing of global security, information security, and compliance, along with physical security for safeguarding the hardware infrastructure of Google (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). Together teamwork addresses the complete international computing environment. In case of Information Security team, Google hires the full-time team of information security, which includes 250 experts in the area of network security, information, and application (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). The team is highly responsible for the maintaining the organization perimeter as well as internal defense systems, creating the process for securing the development as well as security review and constructing the customized security infrastructure (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). It also implies the leading role in the documentation, development and Google security policies implantation poli cies and standard (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Corporate officers and their roles as described in public documentation In the present time, the world is moving towards IT as the required belonging, but the threats around the It world are also rising (Gofbole, 2008). This might lead towards the IT security strategies, which can resolve the IT issues and can even control the threats happening in the technology area (Gofbole, 2008). The Information Technology security professionals manage the responsibility for safeguarding the IT world through increasing problems and threats (Gofbole, 2008). Whoever takes the responsibility of protecting the infrastructure, networks and computer systems are the system administration, IT security professionals, information security engineers, network security officers, chief information officer, chief security officers, network engineers, information assurance manager, chief information security officer as well as computer operators are among the few that hold fundamental role in IT security professionals (Gofbole, 2008). The IT security professionals job revolves around IT system protection. It includes the infrastructure, network and all other IT information grounds (Gofbole, 2008). Customer data, securing the information assets, financial information and various other critical IT information is the main responsibility of the security IT professionals (Hamid, 2007). Their role holds the responsibility to offer access to the information to the users relied on the identity and necessity. Information is provided to people when they are legally eligible for attaining access (Harkins, 2012). Every department of IT security holds particular policies and principles according to the policies of the company and require following the same (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). They adopt the specific set of regulations, rules, strategies, and methodologies for protecting the information systems (Harkins, 2012). The IT security professional responsibility is definite as mentioned below: Significant IT security professional responsibilities Designing and developing the software and security devices for ensuring the client information and product safety (Harkins, 2012). Measures of measuring the security of IT within the network system Inspections of operating regulation and network process for updates about security (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Undertaking the audit process for initiating the safety and security measures and strategies (Harkins, 2012). Customize information access according to necessity and rules Maintaining the standard security information policy, services, and procedure (Harkins, 2012). Above mentioned are the responsibility of each, and every It security professional relied on the role required to meet. Through making sure about the high responsibility can be referred a scaling job (Jacobs, 2015). One needs to get updated with the advanced skills and knowledge along with the particular work within the team towards attaining the information security perfect security (Kim Solomon, 2010). The analysis is also done about the skills that are required by IT professional, and the same is mentioned below: Skills required for IT security professionals: The IT security professionals are expected to be a strategist to make sure about protecting the infrastructure, network as well as computer systems (Kim Solomon, 2010). It is also important that one should be aware of the evolving security controls and measures and should hold ability for implementing the same in the company (Kim Solomon, 2010). Besides that, the security professional in IT need to be strategic, and that should be enough for judging the before as well as after results of the security measure (Kim Solomon, 2010). The IT security professionals need to be adequate management as well as communication skills for making sure about the effective coordination with the clients and team (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). She and He are requiring communicating with the organizational professionals regarding the IT terms (Kim Solomon, 2010). Similar to that, while handling the client, the measures and principle of security should be taught clearly within the organization (Kim Solomon, 2010). Other skills expected of the IT security professionals are to stay technically competent. It is also important that they should always hold re-skills along with advanced technology skills to become capable of grasping the issues of technical security immediate and solve the same (Kouns Minoli, 2011). These are few of the significance skills needed by the IT security professionals. Whether the governance structures and policies reflect regulatory requirements IT security governance is considered as the system through which companies can direct and control the security of IT that is adopted by the ISO 38500 (Kouns Minoli, 2011). It is noted that IT security governance need not get confused with the security management of IT (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). IT security management should be concerned with creating decisions for mitigating the risks; even governance determines the authorization of taking decisions (Kouns Minoli, 2011). Governance explicitly specifies the accountability framework and offers an outright for making sure about the risks that should be mitigated adequately, while the management makes sure about the controls that are implemented for reducing the risk (Peltier, 2005). Management suggests the security strategies. Governance also makes sure about the security strategies that are aligned with the business regulation and objectives (Peltier, 2005). NIST explains about the IT governance and mentioned it as the process of setting and maintaining the framework for offering assurance that IT security strategies are connected with the help of business objectives, which are consistent with the relevant laws and regulations by the adherence towards internal control and policies and offer responsibility for managing the risk (Calabrese, 2004). There are many laws and regulations, and from that, few are particular of industries that can impact the information Technology (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Each company should explore the appropriate regulations affecting them and then only they should respond accordingly, and make sure that both the role and responsibilities for analyzing the matters of legal and regulatory are defined correctly for every stakeholder group, so that every group can easily apply the particular expertise in efficient manner (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The current increase in the regulations that impact the IT use is due to various factors like, laws for protecting the information along with its potential to misuse the electronic form; increase in computer system and network use for undertaking the criminal activities, which also includes hacking, viruses, pornography and money laundering (Solms Solms, 2008). Increase in the massive contractual relationship with the IT products and services, such as product license, outsourcing, and managed services (Solms Solms, 2008). It also includes the increase in various types of electronic media as well as the potential for misusing the valuable information assets, which results in the intellectual and copyright property problems concerning with the user and vendors (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). How the organization addresses and mitigates risk In the rapid-paced international economy, this relies on most of the information, by making sure about the IT asset security to get paramount (Peltier, 2008). Building on the current research through CompTIA, around 28% of the present business list security is considered an important factor, and this number is measured for improving in coming two years (Peltier, 2008). The study also rightly claim that various organizations believe that secure enough is potentially vulnerable to critical security threats that emerge with new technologies (Peltier, 2008). These increasing threats are initiating the business to these growing threats are starting the business to adopt the new methods for examining the changing needs of security. In a survey conducted by Gartner, research shows that the mobile rules for most of the organizations (Peltier, 2008). Keep system updated Most of the failure of the system happens due to the lack of right patch. Few statistics related to researchers explain the interesting facts related with similar vulnerably faced by the companies (Peltier, 2016). In case the companies help BYOD and then also control over performing the standard maintenance, then in that case issues usually get worse, as they invite attack sources without having any prevention (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). To avoid the risk, it is important to ensure the system that is updated, and it also includes the servers inside the laptops, company, mobile device, and desktops (Peltier, 2016). Small mobile devices come through different operating systems, and firmware (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). By considering this, companies are expected to permit the mobile devices for patching to get maintained ideally (Peltier, 2016). Undertake governance review as well as assessment of mobile security Consideration and assessment of governance are necessary for measuring and defining the IT operations operational efficiency and explore the gaps that require getting fixed (Stamp, 2011). Famous research organizations like OWASP and Gartner provides the security matrices for performing the security assessment and explore the maturity level of IT security of an organization (Tipton Krause, 2009). Information technology scores the famous assessment matrix through Gartner that supports the company is exploring the risk and measuring and analyzing the mobile security program maturity of business (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). For instance, in case of Spider chart, it is noted that the chart indicates about the presents core of the company, where else the chart shows the ideal score of an organization (Tipton Krause, 2009). Cyberwarfare It is suggested that the correct application of intrusion prevention as well as intrusion detection system along with firewalls is the primary response (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Through undertaking the real-time analysis of the network traffic like investigating and the security threat inclusion, and individual companies can detect the less sophisticated attack related to the user level (Tipton Krause, 2009). Huge organizations are suggested to get aware of the network security and vulnerabilities, and they are also expected to work towards securing the advanced threat protection platform properties for the betterment of the endpoint protection and server security protection (Tipton Krause, 2009). About the government cyber-attacks, the main defense line is to undertake the common front existing between the cyber attackers (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). There is no correct time for opening about the dialogue as well as collaboration among the government industries and ag encies for taking action against the cyberwarfare (Tipton Krause, 2009). It is suggested that attacks, which go massive, the interconnected system could be disclosed readily by comparing the information and creating the similar task forces (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Detection and protection are not enough for stopping the attackers each time, but it can also inhibit the future as well as common threats (Tipton Krause, 2009). Espionage Individuals and organizations might apply to bring your device (BYOD) that look inexpensive solution, but the same might develop certain issues (Vacca, 2017). If one assists the BYOD then, in that case, it is suggested that they should try to enforce the management as well as maintenance (Vacca, 2017). It is again crucial for making sure that the mechanism of device control should safeguard the leakage of information (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). It also permits the USB devices for inserting, but rather it will also encrypt the information (Vacca, 2017). When the information is later applied to certain another system in the organizational environment, then in that case information will be encrypted automatically and then it can be decrypted, when it is copied towards the system that holds no device control mechanism, then it will be of no use (Wheeler, 2011). Its also recommended that critical infrastructure protection through dividing the intellectual property network through the corporate network and allows having access towards the network by individuals that require access (Javidi, 2006). But it is also crucial to do more than that, documenting and deciding the permits to work towards the network and include physical access towards the location and analyze the network requirement and it should be determined (Javidi, 2006). Possible improvements/impacts of internal changes/external factors on the 2-3 year horizon For reducing the interruption of service due to the failure of hardware, natural disaster as well as various another catastrophes, Google try to implement the program of disaster recovery at every data centers (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). This program covers up different elements for reducing the risk of an individual point of failure, which also includes the replication and backup of data (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). In case of backup and data replication, the application information of Google is replicated through various systems applied within the data center and in particular cases, its replicated to different city centers (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). Google quickly operates geographically distributed data centers set, which are designed for maintaining the continuity of service during disaster events or many another incident in the individual region (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). The connection of high speed among the data centers supports in failover. Data centers management is also divided for offering the location independent and system administration (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). Along with that data redundancy as well as regional disparate data centers, Google tries to hold the business continuity plan in its headquarters (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The method accounts for the key disasters like a seismic event or either the public health crisis, or it also tries to assume that both services and people might not be available for a month (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). This plan was primarily designed for enabling the continued operations of the customer service (Patel, 2008). Google also undertake continuou s test about the disaster recovery plan (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). For instance, at the time of tests, the geographic location of disaster is also stimulated through conducting the IT system, an operational process in off-line location and permitting the process and system for transferring the fail location that is designated by the disaster recovery plan (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). During the time of the test, it is verified that the operations and business functions can easily operate the off-line failover location and logged through the remediation (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). Conclusion Google hires the strategy of multi-layer security, which includes the ten essential elements that are shown in the paper, which help the platform for getting used by the million in the company, covering Google Inc. to run the Google cloud technologies and product business. References Alberts, C. J., Dorofee, A. J. (2002). Managing Information Security Risks: The OCTAVE Approach. Addison-Wesley Professional Axelrod, C. W., Bayuk, J. L., Schutzer, D. (2009). Artech House information security and privacy series. Artech House Eloff, J., Labuschagne, L., Solms, R., Dhillon, G. (2011). Advances in Information Security Management Small Systems Security: IFIP TC11 WG11.1/WG11.2 Eighth Annual Working Conference on Information Security Management Small Systems Security September 2728, 2001, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Springer Gofbole, N. (2008). INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY: SECURITY MANAGEMENT, METRICS, FRAMEWORKS AND BEST PRACTICES (With CD). Wiley India Pvt. Limited Gurpreet, D. (2000). Information Security Management: Global Challenges in the New Millennium: Global Challenges in the New Millennium. Idea Group Inc (IGI) Hamid, N. (2007). Information Security and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global Harkins, M. (2012). Managing Risk and Information Security: Protect to Enable Expert's voice in information technology. Apress Jacobs, S. (2015). Engineering Information Security: The Application of Systems Engineering Concepts to Achieve Information Assurance. John Wiley Sons Kim, D., Solomon, M. G. (2010). Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. Jones Bartlett Learning Kouns, J., Minoli, D. (2011). Information Technology Risk Management in Enterprise Environments: A Review of Industry Practices and a Practical Guide to Risk Management. John Wiley Sons Peltier, T. R. (2005). Information Security Risk Analysis, Second Edition. CRC Press Peltier, T. R. (2008). How to Complete a Risk Assessment in 5 Days or Less. CRC Press Peltier, T. R. (2016). Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: Guidelines for Effective Information Security Management. CRC Press Stamp, M. (2011). Information Security: Principles and Practice. John Wiley Sons Tipton, H. F., Krause, M. (2009). Information Security Management Handbook, Sixth Edition, Volume 3. CRC Press Vacca, J. R. (2017). Computer and Information Security Handbook. Morgan Kaufmann Wheeler, E. (2011). Security Risk Management: Building an Information Security Risk Management Program from the Ground Up. Elsevier Javidi, B. (2006). Optical and Digital Techniques for Information Security. Springer Science Business Media Basin, D., Schaller, P., Schlpfer, M. (2011). Applied Information Security: A Hands-on Approach. Springer Science Business Media Patel, D. R. (2008). INFORMATION SECURITY: Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Solms, S. H., Solms, R. (2008). Information Security Governance. Springer Science Business Media Axelrod, C. W., Bayuk, J. L., Schutzer, D. (2009). Enterprise Information Security and Privacy. Artech House Calabrese, T. (2004). Information Security Intelligence: Cryptographic Principles and Applications. Cengage Learning

Motivating Employees in an Organisation free essay sample

Motivating Employees in an Organization S Santosh Contents Chapter 12 Chapter 25 Chapter 310 Chapter 415 Chapter 1 Motivation: Concepts and Theories Defining motivation The word motivation comes from the Latin word movere to move. And managers often view motivation in exactly those terms (I need to get my people moving! ). Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action. General motivation is concerned with effort towards any goal, whereas effort towards Organizational goals reflects work-related behavior. Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivating Employees in an Organisation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We mainly deal with the motivating employees in an organization towards the organizational goal for the benefit of both the organization and the employee. Understanding what motivates employees and how they are motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Motivation Theories and concepts While there are many theories on motivation, the seven major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are the following: †¢ According to Maslow, employees have five levels of needs (Maslow, 1943): physiological, safety, social, ego, and self- actualizing. Maslow argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. †¢ Herzbergs work categorized motivation into two factors: motivators and hygiene (Herzberg, Mausner, Snyderman, 1959). Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction. †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs which focuses on three needs, namely need for Achievement, Need for power, Need for affiliation.

How to Figure Out If You Should Quit Your Job [Infographic]

How to Figure Out If You Should Quit Your Job [Infographic] Can’t decide whether to leave your job? It’s often not an easy decision. But if you think through all of your options, you should be able to make your decision more confidently. Follow this flowchart from BBC to help you figure out if you should quit your job.   [Source: BBC]

Paper assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper assignment - Essay Example The first thing that I have learnt is that secrets can take a number of forms and they can have different meanings for different people under diverse conditions. Some secrets may serve the purpose of arousing laughter, whereas others may prove to be a source of sadness. No matter what the meanings, it should be kept in mind that secrets are a reflection of the inner conditions of humans and their privacy should be respected at all costs. Also important to note is the fact that secrets can have far reaching consequences on the lives of people and it is for this reason that secrets should be kept and not shared with others; except in a way that ensures privacy of others. I also learnt that memories are an essential part of human lives. The idea of sharing with people the pictures of their lost cameras equates to providing them access to the memories of their past. Although it apparently looks strange that people are willing to get back their old photos, yet it becomes easily understandable if one realizes the willingness of humans to sustain connections with their pasts. We live in our present and intend to sustain a connection with the past while willing to reveal quickly which is hidden in our future. There are various things in life that are more precious in reality than they are ordinarily considered. An example is the voice of people who leave a message when the intended person is not available to talk to. Warren’s assertion that having a recording of someone voice is like keeping that person’s spirit alive is quite interesting. A person’s voice is a reflection of his/her personality and by keeping a recording of a person’s voice, it is possible to revive the memories when the person is no more with us. This has a striking resemblance to the notion of bringing a person back to life. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the various intangibles of

Business Responsibility and Sustainability Essay

Business Responsibility and Sustainability - Essay Example However, research shows that most of the developing and emerging economies trend towards CSR activities. It proved to create a sustainable development because of pressing Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) issues. Compared to developed countries, they have demonstrated to have improved environmental and social management. For this reason, international initiatives came up to help support CSR in SMEs companies in emerging markets. The efforts help the developing companies since they are the motivating force for the evolving market economy (Hopkins, 2007). The other main reason developing countries engage CSR is mainly for defensive and proactive. For the defensive purpose, the country minimizes the probable hostile effects of CSR on the local communities and the environment. On the other hand markets most businesses of the nation through global supply chains and investment. Governments of most of the major middle-income countries such as Russia took most of the initiatives to guarantee that CSR performed targets the country’s economic and social interests (Hopkins, 2007). CSR enhances developmental benefits to the developing country. To start with, it promotes social development and protection of the environment. With encouraging most companies to enact in activities such as waste disposal or planting of trees, the community profits from a healthy and well-maintained environment. On the other hand, the business gains popularity and brand name becomes known rising on the global economic charts (Belal, 2008). CSR improves the relationship between countries, especially in cases where one country is investing in the other country. Both the two countries come up with commercial legislations favoring both the likes of the importer and the exporter. , it helps boost global trade from nation to the nation especially for neighboring countries such as Russia and Belarus (Hickey, 2010). However, negatively, the CSR agenda at some

The Casino Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Casino Hotel Industry Tourism Essay The Casino hotel Industry refers to establishments primarily engaged in providing short- term lodging in hotel facilities with a casino on the premises (IBISWorld, 2012). Casino hotels provide lodging in hotel conveniences with a casino on the premises and it is seem to have phenomenal growth in the past decade. This boom in casino hotel industry provided the investor to establish a luxury and casino hotels in many region. The casino industry generates revenue from full range of services and amenities such as gaming, food and beverage, rooms, dining, retail space, entertainment, meeting facilities etc. Within the past 25 years, the commercial casino industry has experienced significant growth by operating only in Neveda and Atlantic City, New Jersey to operating 566 casinos in 22 states in 2010 (Bazelon, Neels, Seth, 2012). The prospective revenue from gaming has moved gambling from doing unlawful activity to a legitimate business and at this instant hotels are also offering casino s ervice. Due to financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, the revenue had declined as people were intending to spend less money on gambling and not taking vacation. The increasing unemployment made consumer to spend less and be more selective while spending their money. After the crisis, in 2010 and 2011 there is a huge change and the revenue in casino hotel industry went high however, it is estimate that revenue will further grow 3.9% to $47.8 billion in 2012 (IBISWorld, 2012). The introduction of Casino hotel creates employment opportunity to the local communities and generates tax revenue for the government. Casino hotel industry mainly depends on the economic condition of the country and willingness to travel which energies industry revenue growth. After the economic growth, the consumer spending has been increased where their disposable income has also been raised and so as their spending. People tend to spend their income in different variety of ways such as recreational, travelling, entertainment, gambling etc. This has become very challenging for casino industry as consumers are visiting casino more often than past. The rising rate of travelling people and consumer spending drives industry revenue growth that tends to compete with increasing global competition of casino hotel industry. Due to declining demand of Casino Hotel industry in 2007, Macau and China took the worlds largest casino gambling region over the Las Vegas. There are more openings of international casino hotel that have significantly increased the competition for the US casino hotel business. Since, consumers are more selective about their spending they would rather choose better recreational activities that can either be internationally or domestically. There are 300 land-based casinos with accompanying lodging facilities and currently it shows that Casino and gaming is overlapping the hotels and lodging industry. The trend of Casino hotel industry in luxury market is to provide the entertainment convergence i.e. is to attract more people and to provide variety of facilities as such the customers will lengthen their stay and enjoy the modern casino hotel property (Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc, 2005). Industry Growth Analysis Current Industry Trends The casino and hotel can be either standalone or comprises of both hotels facility as well as casino facility. The industry strongly depends on the current economic situation, as such people desire to travel when they have huge amount of disposable income. Due to downturn of economy in 2007 and 2008 there was a declining demand of this sectors and sales dropped way down and the reason behind is they are more concern about their financing. Therefore, Casino Industry was cutting the services like gambling and other entertainment. There is decline of domestic and international travel in United States and the performance of this industry decline as casino hotels rely more on tourists visiting. Slowly recovering economy shows that there is gradual increment of visitors as consumer spending in 2012 has been increase by 1.9% in result the consumers are visiting the casino more often. However, the competition from others such as American Indian casinos, similar casino gaming places, online gaming, and international casinos make the industry to remain sensitive. In 2012, industry profit is estimated to account for 8.2% of revenue (IBISWorld, 2012). Economy recovery support growth Over the next five years period it is estimated that the spending from each people projected to be increased. It is forecasted that the consumer spending will increase at an annualized rate of 2.8% (IBISWorld, 2012). This will lead to the improvement of the casino hotel industry that will in return create job opportunity and therefore the unemployment rate will decrease. The result of getting employment tends to make consumer to spend more money in travelling and gambling. As a result there will be a huge demand of hotel casino industry in future. Market forecast of Casino hotels shows the long-term position and future growth trend. market forecast Retrieved from: http://www.anythingresearch.com/industry/Casino-Hotels.htm The growth of industry can also see mostly in spring and summer rather than winter or fall. Tourists would like to travel during the better weather condition while spending their money. The industry will see high performance and increase revenue in better weather condition such as in spring and summer of each year. The performance of industry can be measured based upon the valuation and compare with other similar industry. In domestic market, the industry seems mature in industry life cycle therefore the major other companies are expanding the business internationally. The scope however in Macau and China is in increasing trends, as a consequence the investor would want to achieve higher growth in the revenue. Analysis of competing companies There are various industries that compete with each other. The current rivalry competitiveness in casino hotel is relatively high in nature. These competing firms are Caesars Entertainment Corporation, MGM Resorts International, Las Vegas Sands Corporation, and Wynn Resorts Limited. Retrieved from: http://clients1.ibisworld.com/reports/us/industry/majorcompanies.aspx?entid=1662 Casears Entertainment Corporation The worlds largest casino operator whose market share is 18.2%, Caesars Entertainment Corporation has grown by providing various services such as new resorts, expansion and acquisitions and currently it owns and manages the casino resorts. Caesars is able to maintain on loyalty to its customers by providing sound service and to their employee, business partners also. It shows that in 2007 it was 8.9% and due to economy recession it has dropped down to -0.2% however, it has predicted that in 2012 the revenue will be increased up to 3.9% (IBISWorld, 2012). MGM Resorts International MGM Resorts is another largest casino hotel operator whose market share is 12.7%. The company has significant holdings in gaming, hospitality and entertainment, and holds a growing number of development and management agreements for casino and non- casino resort projects (MGM Resorts, 2012). MGMs in USA have improved over the past years and consumers are trying to spend their income in recreational places. Therefore, In 2011 the percentage change shows 4.6% increment in domestic market however, it has also predict that in 2012 the percentage change will be decline but still it will be in positive (IBISWorld, 2012). Other Companies Las Vegas Sands Corporation is one of the new kinds of travel destination with the market share of 4.3%. Las Vegas Sands offers high-ends amenities, integrating them under one roof resort. Over the five years to 2012, global company revenue is expected to increase at an average annual rate of 30.5% per year to $11.2 billion, including forecast growth of 13.1% in 2012. US-specific revenue is also forecast to grow significantly at an annualized 16.0% to $2.1 billion over that same period (IBISWorld, 2012). Wynn Resorts Limited Likely, other major competitor in the industry is Wynn Resorts Limited whose market share is 2.8% and it is based on Las Vegas Corporation. It has forecast to grow 0.6% per year on average over that same period to $1.3 billion (IBISWorld, 2012). The company grew very fast in previous years beside the recession period. Industry Establishments, Sales Employment Trends Year Percent Chg. Year-to-Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 Establishments 367 380 388 397 406 3.6% 1.9% 2.5% 2.2% Sales ($Millions) 43,200 47,139 49,910 53,614 57,211 9.1% 5.9% 7.4% 6.7% Employment 228,451 236,755 241,274 247,310 252,835 3.6% 1.9% 2.5% 2.2% Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.helin.uri.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9c59b541-088a-45d0-8846-d6fbd6acad29%40sessionmgr12vid=7hid=17 5 Forces Competitive Analysis Competition from Rival Sellers The competition from rival companies is extremely high and it is in increasing trend. After the merger of Harrahs and Caesars and MGM and Mandalay in 2005, they have taken great proportion of market share in casino hotel industry (IBISWorld, 2012). MGM have direct competition with Harrahs Entertainment however, the other two competitors like las Vegas Sands Corp and Wynn Resorts are small companies and do not have direct threat in the competition. The strength of this competitive force is strong because these two casino hotel have significant revenue with high quality of hospitality and access marketing and promotional to attract the consumer. Competition from Potential Entrants There is a high and steady barrier to entry in this industry. The significance of these entry barriers is that governments have minimized the legal issue related with government regulation for the entry of new competitors. And recently, half of United States have legally operating casino including Kansas and Massachusetts. Competition from Substitute products The threat to casino hotel industry is international online casino gambling sites, casino without hotel premises, hotels and motels, resorts and lodges etc. Due to economy recession the operator have moved to expand their business in international market where potential growth is high. There is high threat of competition from substitute products; if hotel casino fails to provide better facility then the consumer would rather choose those hotel industries that provide better hospitality. Therefore by maintaining consumer loyalty and providing sound hospitality will create less threat from substitute products. Suppliers Bargaining Power The threat of supplier bargaining power is very weak. For hotel casino industry their main suppliers or raw materials used are the food and beverages where these suppliers face competition within those industries by producing their own quality product. The commodity price changes may not affect the industry as such the industry would choose to get same supply from different suppliers. Customer Bargaining Power The customers have relatively higher bargaining power. Most of the hotel casino industries are located in west side of USA. Therefore, the customers from there have no choice of choosing other than going to these places. In addition, customers have more bargaining power because it allows customer to go in standalone casino or hotel. Poor hospitality for customer coming in can lead to sift their choice in other kind of industry. Factors driving industry changes There are various factors that are driving industry change. Economic Change The prosperous health of casino hotel industry depends upon the economic condition of the country. If the disposable income of the consumer were relatively high they would prefer spending their money in recreational areas such as vacation and gambling. Due to economic downturn, people will reduce their disposable spending which was in 2008 and 2009, there was decline of such industry by 8.7% and 8.4% respectively (IBISWorld, 2012). Better economy will create less unemployment rate with proportionate of increased income that in return consumer will be travelling more often. Airline Travel and Tourism Based on US, 51.7% of these industries are located in west like most in Nevada and Las Vegas. If there is poor infrastructure it can impacts the total industry, as consumer are not being able to reach to their destinations. Since casinos are still banned in many states, those provisions have historically allowed the industry to develop and expand across these areas (IBISWorld, 2012). Due to global crisis, we can see huge downturn in tourism sector and it has negatively affected the tourism industry. This is the main reason that has reduced the amount of the tourist from different country. Legal Issues and Technology Innovation As all state do not have permit to open the casino however, it can be seen there is a huge scope in some other region. There should be a casino legislation and regulatory change that will allow new establishment in other states. Technology Innovation is another factor that drives industry to change. The gambling should be user friendly to the entire consumer using. Usually consumers comes for vacation with their family members, therefore those entertainment should be used so each of the family members can delight efficiently. A Strategic Group Map Comparative Market Positions of Selected Casino Hotel Industry Caesars Entrainment Corporation MGM Resorts International Las Vegas wynn Market Share of Casino Hotel Industry in USA Market position of Casino Hotel Industry Caesars Entertainment Corporation seems the major casino operator in USA as well as globally and primarily this company was owned under The Harrahs Caesars. The company uses its total rewards system to market promotions and to generate play across network of properties (Caesars Entertainment, 2012). Currently the data shows that the company holds 18.2% of total market share. In 2011, the total revenue earned by Caesars was $8372.5 and it has been predicted that it will go up to $8700.00 that is 3.9% higher than the last year. Therefore, it shows there is a huge potential increment of the revenue. Likewise, the second most company is MGM Resorts International, which is another company that operates globally and has covered 12.7% of its market share. In 2011, the total revenue earned by MGM is $5892.9 and it has expected to grow more up to $6040.8 in 2012. However, the percentage change in revenue has decreased from 4.6% to 2.5% respectively. In 2007, MGM had expanded their business in Macau therefore huge amount of revenue had been earned from there also. Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Wynn Resorts Limited have estimated industry market share of 4.3% and 2.8% respectively. Las Vegas Sands Corporation have earned 52.4% of total revenue from the company in Asia and in 2012, it has expected to earn revenue of $11,150. Likewise, Wynn Resorts Limited made an expansion of the company in Macau and huge revenue had been generated Strategic moves It is seen that foreign casino companies have made huge investment in Macau since 2002. In 2006 the returns from the casino boom surpassed the revenue of the US gambling mecca, Las Vegas however there is risk for Macau that they are too much relying in one industry (BBC News, 2012). In 2011, Macau gaming revenues reach to $33.5 billion, which means there is 42% increase over the period of 2010 (Stutz, 2012). The increment of revenue have been seen by various American regional gaming markets, therefore Caesars Entertainment Corp paid $578 million and expected to get the land for casino to operate casino hotel business in the biggest market however Caesars still not got the permission to build casino (WSJ, 2012). Due to healthy economy and improving business, the casino hotel companies should expand there business internationally as such MGM, Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Wynn Resorts Limited have already introduce their business in Macau where it is seen huge boom and have generated five times more revenue than Las Vegas Strip. In prospective of USA, it is seen that most of the casino hotel industry are concentrated in west part as only 38 states have legal licensed to operate the casino business. However, there is huge potential of casino business all over the US. As people disposable income has increased with the healthy economy, consumers tend to spend huge money in travelling and gambling and it is time consuming to travel in those regions where the states are permitted to run casino business. Therefore, the biggest companies such as MGM, Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Wynn Resorts Limited should look for potential market and expand their business all over the US. The huge revenue that is available from international casino hotel business can be invested in US and more focusing on the research and development of the market potentiality. The invention of new technology, new gaming, sound hospitality and facilities will help to create more potential consumer in future. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16599919 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204789304578088320711432556.html

Hand Sanitiser

Lab Management Assignment Hand Sanitizer 2012 xxx [Pick the date] HAND SANITISER * * A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a supplement or alternative to hand washing with soap and water. * Various preparations are available, including gel, foam, and liquid solutions. * The active ingredient in hand sanitizers may be isopropanol, ethanol, n-propanol, povidone-iodine. * Inactive ingredients in alcohol rubs typically include a thickening agent such as polyacrylic acid for alcohol gels, humectants such as glycerin for liquid rubs, propylene glycol, and essential oils of plants. Alcohol based hand sanitizers are more effective at killing germs than soaps and do not dry out hands as much. * Common non-alcohol, rinse-free hand sanitizer brands use either small concentrations of the nitrogenous cationic surface-acting agent benzalkonium chloride or the chlorinated aromatic compound triclosan or povidone-iodine * All hand sanitizer products require NDC designation in United States and NPN d esignation in Canada. Hand sanitizer is controlled as a biocide in Europe. Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers: Dr.Bronner's Organic Hand Sanitizing Spray, Purell, Germ-X, GermFree, Hygel, Deb, Aqium, Dettol, Avant, Germ Out, Aquawet, Method Products. Non- Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers: Gold Bond Ultimate, MicroAromor, Hy5, Soapopular, Handclens. HAND SANITIZERS WITH THEIR USAGE ; INGREDIENTS Hand Sanitizer Brands| Places of Use| Active Ingredients| Inactive Ingredients| Efficacy| Application| Dr. Bronner's Organic Hand Sanitizing Spray| Home & Hospitals| 62% Organic Ethanol| Water, Organic Glycerine, Organic Lavender Oil. Gram positive, and Gram negative bacteria, yeast and molds. | Direct Rub| Purell| Widely in Hospitals| 63% ethyl alcohol| Water, Isopropyl Alcohol, Carbomer, Tocopheryl Acetate, Glycerine, Propylene Glycol, Isopropyl Myrisate, Fragrance| E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. , Streptococcus sp. , Salmonella sp. at > 99. 99| Direct Rub| Germ- X| Desk, Car, Restroom, School, Garage , Retail Counter. | 63% Ethyl Alcohol| Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Cross polymer, Benzophenone-4, Fragrance with Vitamin E, Glycerine, Tocopherol, Water  | 9. 9% of many common harmful germs and bacterial  | Direct Rub| GermFree| Travel, Hotels & Hospitals| 62% Ethyl Alcohol| | Bacteria, Virus & Fungi| Without water| Hygel| Home & Hospitals | Ethyl Alcohol| Water, isopropyl alcohol, vit A & E, carbomer, glycerine, popylene glycol, fruit fragrance| Germs & Bacteria's| Without Water| Deb Instant FOAM| * * Outdoor * Office/Commercial/Leisure * Medical Rooms ; Laboratories * Food Service ; Catering| 70% Ethyl Alcohol| Water, Bis-PEG-12 Dimethicone, Behentrimon-ium Chloride, PEG-200 Hydrogenat-ed Glyceryl Palmate, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, Coco-Clucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Dihydroxyp-ropyl PEG-5 Linoleamm-onim | 99. 99% effective against common germs and bacteria's| Foam basedUsed without water| Aqium| Home & aloevera aqium is hospital formulation| 66% Ethanol| Thickener, Dexpanthen -ol, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Fragrance, pH neutraliser, Water – purified| Bacteria and Viruses| Apply on dry hands| Avant| Hospitals, Restaurants, fitness centres| 70% Ethyl Alcohol| Isopropanol| Clostridium difficile,Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus faecalis; and Staphylococcus aureus MMRSA. | Foaming hand sanitizer; apply without water| Germ Out| Schools, Work place,Pub-lic restroom| 70%Isopropanol and 0. 02%Benzalkonium chloride| No inactive ingredients| Bacteria's, Viruses ; Fungi| Gel based used with water| Aquawet| Schools, Hospitals, Public Toilets. | 60% Ethyl Alcohol| Aloe Barbadensis Gel, Carbomer, Fragrance, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Triethanolamine,Water  | 99. % of offending germs| Used without water| Hand Sanitizer Their Ingredients ; Long Term Side Effects: * The research for various commercially available hand sanitizer's shows that most effective sanitizers are those which are alcohol based; and the active ingredient in them is Ethyl Alcohol w hich ranges from 60 to 80 % depending on their efficacy and level of disinfection. * Contradictory evidence about the safety of such topical applications of the alcohol can be found in the scientific literature. * The first and foremost concerns of topical ethanol applications for public health are its carcinogenic effects, as there is unambiguous evidence for the carcinogenicity of ethanol. Topically applied ethanol acts as a skin penetration enhancer and may facilitate the transdermal absorption of xenobiotics (e. g. carcinogenic contaminants in cosmetic formulations). * Alcohol is associated with an increased risk of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus. * Ethanol use is associated with skin irritation or contact dermatitis, especially in humans with an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) deficiency. * After regular application of ethanol on the skin (e. g. in the form of hand disinfectants) relatively low but measurable blood concentrations of ethanol and its me tabolite acetaldehyde may occur, which are, however, below acute toxic levels. Besides skin cancer, alcohol abuse has been associated with the development of several skin disorders including psoriasis, discoid eczema and superficial infections. * Using antibacterial hand sanitizer can increase your skin sensitivity to the ultra violet rays that may cause sunburn in sunlight. * Antibacterial hand sanitizer use may cause skin sensitivity in the form of itching, burning sensation or dry skin. Most forms of the sanitizer contain alcohol, which can easily cause redness, dryness and even peeling of skin, especially if used too often. CONCLUSION: The study of various commercially available hand sanitizers provide with the information that alcohol based hand sanitizers are the most effective and having high level out disinfection compared to non-alcohol based ones.Simultaneously, the SDS and various science studies provide the information regarding long term use & side effects of the active ingredients in the hand sanitizers. Even though there is still further research work going on to provide sufficient proofs against topical application Ethanol(ethyl alcohol). Knowing long term side effects of regular use hand sanitizers, it should be concluded it is not always important to use hand sanitizers. The use should be restricted on to visits or work in hospitals or any germ prone place as such the hand sanitizers will help getting rid of germs, bacteria, fungi and virus it won't help getting away from dust and dirt.Hence it is more important to cleans hands with soap and water on regular basis and restrict use of hand sanitizers on to visits to germ prone places. REFRENCES: Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/4521097, Median Biopharma, http://www. hygel. com/hygel/default. htm, http://www. germx. com/product_detail. aspx? id=18, http://dailymed. nlm. nih. gov/dailymed/drugInfo. cfm? id=38145 http://www. majacmedical. com. au/msds/MSDS%20Aqium%20Gel. pd, http://www. b4brands. com/products_avantoriginal_fragrance-free. html http://www. germout. com/germ_out_kill_claims. pdf http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596158/, PDR Health: Hand Sanitizer, Drug Watch: Hand Sanitizer http://www. livestrong. com/article/174149-antibacterial-hand-sanitizer-side-effects/#ixzz25bhJL12O,

Top Outline Samples for an Essay Tips!

Top Outline Samples for an Essay Tips! Descriptive essays about a place are common because when referring to a particular place it is normal to attempt to make an experience for your reader. Book reviews aren't complicated to write, yet to accomplish them in a persuasive manner you will need to read more than critiques. Outline Samples for an Essay - Dead or Alive? If not certain, ask an instructor whether you've got to supply a formal essay outline with an assignment. Indeed, it's an overview of writing project before it's prepared and executed. Nevertheless, in case you have been requested to write one, especially if you're attempting to develop your essay writing skills, you might be wondering where you are able to locate an outline sample. Before you commence writing an essay, the initial step is the outline writing. 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